在开源存储库中发现的真正错误修复似乎是学习本地化和修复实际错误的理想来源。但是，缺乏大规模的错误修复集合使过去难以有效利用过去的较大神经模型的真正错误修复。相比之下，人工错误 - 通过突变现有源代码产生的人为错误可以轻松地以足够的规模获得，因此在培训现有方法时通常是首选的。尽管如此，在面对真正的错误时，经过对人造错误的培训的本地化和维修模型通常在表现不佳。这就提出了一个问题，是否在实际错误修复程序上培训的错误本地化和维修模型在本地化和维修实际错误方面更有效。我们通过引入Realit，这是一种预先培训和预先计算方法，以有效地学习从真正的错误修复中进行本地化和修复真实的错误来解决这个问题。 Realit首先是在传统突变操作员产生的大量人造错误上进行的，然后在较小的一组实际错误修复程序上进行了微调。微调不需要对学习算法进行任何修改，因此可以轻松地在各种培训方案中用于错误定位或维修（即使实际培训数据很少）。此外，我们发现，对使用真实错误修复的培训在经验上几乎使现有模型在实际错误上的本地化性能翻了一番，同时维护甚至改善了维修性能。

Diffusion models have shown a great ability at bridging the performance gap between predictive and generative approaches for speech enhancement. We have shown that they may even outperform their predictive counterparts for non-additive corruption types or when they are evaluated on mismatched conditions. However, diffusion models suffer from a high computational burden, mainly as they require to run a neural network for each reverse diffusion step, whereas predictive approaches only require one pass. As diffusion models are generative approaches they may also produce vocalizing and breathing artifacts in adverse conditions. In comparison, in such difficult scenarios, predictive models typically do not produce such artifacts but tend to distort the target speech instead, thereby degrading the speech quality. In this work, we present a stochastic regeneration approach where an estimate given by a predictive model is provided as a guide for further diffusion. We show that the proposed approach uses the predictive model to remove the vocalizing and breathing artifacts while producing very high quality samples thanks to the diffusion model, even in adverse conditions. We further show that this approach enables to use lighter sampling schemes with fewer diffusion steps without sacrificing quality, thus lifting the computational burden by an order of magnitude. Source code and audio examples are available online (https://uhh.de/inf-sp-storm).

In intensively managed forests in Europe, where forests are divided into stands of small size and may show heterogeneity within stands, a high spatial resolution (10 - 20 meters) is arguably needed to capture the differences in canopy height. In this work, we developed a deep learning model based on multi-stream remote sensing measurements to create a high-resolution canopy height map over the "Landes de Gascogne" forest in France, a large maritime pine plantation of 13,000 km$^2$ with flat terrain and intensive management. This area is characterized by even-aged and mono-specific stands, of a typical length of a few hundred meters, harvested every 35 to 50 years. Our deep learning U-Net model uses multi-band images from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 with composite time averages as input to predict tree height derived from GEDI waveforms. The evaluation is performed with external validation data from forest inventory plots and a stereo 3D reconstruction model based on Skysat imagery available at specific locations. We trained seven different U-net models based on a combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 bands to evaluate the importance of each instrument in the dominant height retrieval. The model outputs allow us to generate a 10 m resolution canopy height map of the whole "Landes de Gascogne" forest area for 2020 with a mean absolute error of 2.02 m on the Test dataset. The best predictions were obtained using all available satellite layers from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 but using only one satellite source also provided good predictions. For all validation datasets in coniferous forests, our model showed better metrics than previous canopy height models available in the same region.

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are parts of the DNA that are involved in RNA transcription. Due to the silver affinity of associated proteins, argyrophilic NORs (AgNORs) can be visualized using silver-based staining. The average number of AgNORs per nucleus has been shown to be a prognostic factor for predicting the outcome of many tumors. Since manual detection of AgNORs is laborious, automation is of high interest. We present a deep learning-based pipeline for automatically determining the AgNOR-score from histopathological sections. An additional annotation experiment was conducted with six pathologists to provide an independent performance evaluation of our approach. Across all raters and images, we found a mean squared error of 0.054 between the AgNOR- scores of the experts and those of the model, indicating that our approach offers performance comparable to humans.

We present a unified probabilistic model that learns a representative set of discrete vehicle actions and predicts the probability of each action given a particular scenario. Our model also enables us to estimate the distribution over continuous trajectories conditioned on a scenario, representing what each discrete action would look like if executed in that scenario. While our primary objective is to learn representative action sets, these capabilities combine to produce accurate multimodal trajectory predictions as a byproduct. Although our learned action representations closely resemble semantically meaningful categories (e.g., "go straight", "turn left", etc.), our method is entirely self-supervised and does not utilize any manually generated labels or categories. Our method builds upon recent advances in variational inference and deep unsupervised clustering, resulting in full distribution estimates based on deterministic model evaluations.

Machine learning has emerged recently as a powerful tool for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems. For many ground states of gapped Hamiltonians, generative models can learn from measurements of a single quantum state to reconstruct the state accurately enough to predict local observables. Alternatively, kernel methods can predict local observables by learning from measurements on different but related states. In this work, we combine the benefits of both approaches and propose the use of conditional generative models to simultaneously represent a family of states, by learning shared structures of different quantum states from measurements. The trained model allows us to predict arbitrary local properties of ground states, even for states not present in the training data, and without necessitating further training for new observables. We numerically validate our approach (with simulations of up to 45 qubits) for two quantum many-body problems, 2D random Heisenberg models and Rydberg atom systems.

Diffusion-based generative models have had a high impact on the computer vision and speech processing communities these past years. Besides data generation tasks, they have also been employed for data restoration tasks like speech enhancement and dereverberation. While discriminative models have traditionally been argued to be more powerful e.g. for speech enhancement, generative diffusion approaches have recently been shown to narrow this performance gap considerably. In this paper, we systematically compare the performance of generative diffusion models and discriminative approaches on different speech restoration tasks. For this, we extend our prior contributions on diffusion-based speech enhancement in the complex time-frequency domain to the task of bandwith extension. We then compare it to a discriminatively trained neural network with the same network architecture on three restoration tasks, namely speech denoising, dereverberation and bandwidth extension. We observe that the generative approach performs globally better than its discriminative counterpart on all tasks, with the strongest benefit for non-additive distortion models, like in dereverberation and bandwidth extension. Code and audio examples can be found online at https://uhh.de/inf-sp-sgmsemultitask

彼此接触的任何两个物体都会仅仅是由于重力或机械接触而引起的力，例如机器人手臂抓住一个物体，甚至是我们膝关节处的两个骨头之间的接触。自然测量和监视这些接触力的能力允许从仓库管理（基于重量检测错误包装）到机器人技术（使机器人臂的抓地力与人类皮肤一样敏感）和医疗保健（膝关节植入物）的大量应用。设计一个无处不在的力传感器是充满挑战的，该传感器可自然地用于所有这些应用。首先，传感器应足够小，以适合狭窄的空间。接下来，我们不想铺设笨重的电缆来读取传感器的力值。最后，我们需要进行无电池设计以满足体内应用程序。我们开发了WiforCesticker，这是一种无线，无电池，类似贴纸的力传感器，可以在任何表面上都可以无处不在，例如所有仓库包装，机器人手臂和膝关节。 WiforCesticker首先设计一个$ 4 $ 〜mm〜 $ \ $ \ times $〜$〜$ 2 $ 〜mm〜 $ \ $ \ times $〜$〜$〜$ 0.4 $〜毫米电容传感器设计，配备了$ 10 $〜$〜$〜$〜$〜$〜$〜$ 〜mm〜mm 〜mm 〜mm 〜mm在灵活的PCB基材上设计。其次，它引入了一种新的机制，可以通过将传感器与COTS RFID系统插入传感器，从而无线读取器无线读取器可以通过无线读取器读取力信息。该传感器可以在多个测试环境中检测到$ 0 $ -6 $ 〜n的力量，感应精度为$ <0.5 $ 〜n，并在传感器上使用超过10,000美元的$ 10,000 $变化的力级按下。我们还通过设计传感器展示了两个应用程序案例研究，称量仓库包和骨接头施加的传感力。

我们提供了一种差异化私有算法，用于同时生成多个任务的合成数据：边际查询和多任务机器学习（ML）。我们算法中的一个关键创新是能够直接处理数值特征的能力，与许多相关的先验方法相反，这些方法需要首先通过{binning策略}将数值特征转换为{高基数}分类特征。为了提高准确性，需要较高的分子粒度，但这会对可伸缩性产生负面影响。消除对套在一起的需求使我们能够产生合成数据，以保留大量统计查询，例如数值特征的边际和条件线性阈值查询。保留后者意味着在特定半空间上方的每个类标记的点的比例在实际数据和合成数据中都大致相同。这是在多任务设置中训练线性分类器所需的属性。我们的算法还使我们能够为混合边缘查询提供高质量的合成数据，这些数据结合了分类和数值特征。我们的方法始终比最佳可比技术快2-5倍，并在边缘查询和混合型数据集的线性预测任务方面提供了显着的准确性改进。

最近，基于扩散的生成模型已引入语音增强的任务。干净的语音损坏被建模为固定的远期过程，其中逐渐添加了越来越多的噪声。通过学习以嘈杂的输入为条件的迭代方式扭转这一过程，可以产生干净的语音。我们以先前的工作为基础，并在随机微分方程的形式主义中得出训练任务。我们对基础分数匹配目标进行了详细的理论综述，并探索了不同的采样器配置，以解决测试时的反向过程。通过使用自然图像生成文献的复杂网络体系结构，与以前的出版物相比，我们可以显着提高性能。我们还表明，我们可以与最近的判别模型竞争，并在评估与培训不同的语料库时获得更好的概括。我们通过主观的听力测试对评估结果进行补充，其中我们提出的方法是最好的。此外，我们表明所提出的方法在单渠道语音覆盖中实现了出色的最新性能。我们的代码和音频示例可在线获得，请参见https://uhh.de/inf-sp-sgmse